APA Citation 7th Edition

Citing audio and visual resources can include the following:

• YouTube (video sites like Vimeo and Twitch are included here)
• Artwork
• Speeches
• PowerPoint slides
• Music
• TV shows
• Films
• Photographs

There might times where information will be missing to create a valid reference list entry. For a detailed table on how to handle these types of entries, please take a look at the APA Style website for missing reference information. 

In-text citation: (Harvard University, 2022)

Reference list: Harvard University. (2022, November 14). Is there a better way to vote? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0Y7EInycXo

For more examples on how to properly cite YouTube videos, please take a look at the APA Style website. You can also review Section 10.12 of the Publication Manual to review YouTube videos and channels. 

In-text citation: (Robinson, 1988)

Reference list: Robinson, S. (1988, February 5). Off the record interview with Smokey Robinson, 1988-02-05 [Interview]. Library of Congress. https://loc.gov/item/jsmith000223

Interviews fall under three specific categories:

1. Published interviews: These are interviews published in a variety of formats: Newspapers, magazines, YouTube, podcasts, and radio. In order to properly cite a published interview, please follow the format for the reference type. You can review reference examples through APA Style or chapter ten of the Publication Manual. 
    
2. Personal interviews: Refers to personal communications you conduct in order to gain information to support the underpinnings of your paper. Please review personal communications through APA Style to learn more about citing this particular source. 
    
3. Research participant interviews: These are individuals you interviewed as part of your methodology. These types of interviews will not be included in your reference list because they're part of your original research in which it is being first reported. If you wish to include quotes from research participants, please review the APA Style section on how to properly format. For a more detailed discussion on ethical considerations when quoting research participants, please see sections 1.14, 1.15, and 1.19 from the Publication Manual. 

In-text citation: (Misler, 2022)

Reference list: Misler, A. (2022). Creating and formatting your APA citations [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas@PAU. https://paloaltou.onelogin.com/login