A DOI (digital object identifier) or URL (uniform resource locator) is considered the final component of a reference list entry, given how so much scholarship is either available or retrieved from an online space.
Per the guidelines found in the seventh edition of the APA Style manual, DOIs and URLs need to be presented as hyperlinks. All DOIs start with 10 and include a prefix and suffix separated by a slash. For example: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114098.
To turn the above DOI into a URL, add http://doi.org/ before the DOI. The final result should be: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114098.
To learn more about how to properly cite DOIs and URLs, please visit the APA Style website.
When a journal article is being cited as a source, numerous elements must be included in the reference list: periodical title, volume number, issue number, and page range or article number. For example:
Social Studies of Science, 30(3), 447-464.
Make sure to capitalize the title of a periodical and italicize it, then place a comma after it. The volume number must be italicized. After the volume number, include the issue number; place the issue number directly after the volume number (do not include a space between the volume and issue), then enclose it in a set of parentheses and place a comma after the closing parenthesis. Lastly, write the page range using an en dash, followed by a period. The page range is not italicized. See the following for an example of an in-text citation and its completed entry on the reference list:
In-text citation:
(Wajcman, 2000)
Reference list:
Wajcman, J. (2000). Reflections on gender and technology studies: In what state is the art? Social Studies of Science, 30(3), 447-464. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631200030003005